Unit Three Advertising(Post-reading)

1.c [n.]the act of consuming or an amount consumed
2.f [n.]the state of being greatly attracted
3.g [adj.]attractive or full of charm
4.n [n.]thing that is essential or needed
5.u [adj.]being a hidden cause or meaning of
6.v [n.]a person or animal that is injured, killed or hurt by somebody or something
7.a [n.]1. wrong use 2. treat badly
8.a [adv.] very near (to), very nearly
9.c [adj.]extremely interesting so that one has to pay attention
10.m [adj.] large enough to be noticed

1.Old churches have a certain strange for me.
2.Such are not in accord with sound international relations.
3.He gave a to handle the affair in a friendly manner.
4.John’s parents are anxious to hear any information him.
5.My decision to make this trip was by a simple desire to leave the country.

1. He half __________ her with the fairy girl of his dreams.
A、determined     B、identified     C、explored     D、distinguished
2. The speech he made ____________ the project has bothered me greatly.
A、being concerned     B、concerned     C、be concerned     D、concerning
3. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, whose overall __________ is significantly higher than that of women.
A、consumption     B、concentration     C、concept     D、contract
4. I saw a clearly _________ shape outside the windows.
A、defined     B、exact     C、definite     D、sure
5. Many people like white color as it is a ___________ of purity.
A、symbol     B、sign     C、signal     D、symptom
6. I’ve had a life-long _________ with the sea and with small boats.
A、fascination     B、charm     C、attraction     D、grace
7. We ______________ the little girl for several months while her mother was in hospital.
A、adopted     B、fostered     C、grew     D、developed
8. The parents should step ___________ and let the children run things their own way.
A、across     B、down     C、back     D、in
9. I’ll not __________ ;your hospitality and kindness.
A、abuse     B、treat     C、perform     D、integrate
10. It is too early to say whether IBM’s competitors will be able to ______________ their products to the new hardware at an affordable cost.
A、adapt     B、stick     C、yield     D、adopt
11.  The old man _____ rapidly and soon died.
A、denied     B、declined     C、deprived     D、derived
12. John believed that education should be a preparation for life , and that teaching must ____ the curiosity and creativity of children.
A、seek     B、stimulate     C、shape     D、secure
13. Before he started work, I asked the builder to give me an ______ of the cost of repairing the roof.
A、assessment     B、estimate     C、announcement     D、evaluation
14. The leader of the expedition __________ everyone to follow his example.
A、promoted     B、reinforced     C、sparked     D、inspired
15. Mr. Morgan can be very sad _______, though in public he is extremely cheerful.
A、by himself     B、in person     C、in private     D、as individual

If women are mercilessly（无情地）exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe （衣柜） packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.

Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.

No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability（耐用）. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.

When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.

1.Designers and big stores always make money_______.
A) by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry
B) because they are capable of predicting new fashions
C) by constantly changing the fashions in women's clothing
D) because they attach great importance to quality in women's clothing
2.To the writer, the fact that women alter their old-fashioned dresses is seen as________.
A) a waste of money
B) a waste of time
C) an expression of taste
D) an expression of creativity
3.The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the _______ of clothing.
A) cost
B) appearance
C) comfort
D) suitability
4.New fashions in clothing are created for ________.
A) the commercial exploitation of women
B) the women's strength of character
C) basic qualities of inconstancy and instability
D) an important contribution to society
5.By saying "the conlusions to be drawn are obvious" (Line One, Paragraph Four) the writer means that________.
A) women's inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at
B) women are better able to put up with discomfort
C) men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers
D) men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion

As we have seen, sociology and the other social sciences focus on the study of certain aspects of human behavior. Yet human behavior is something with which we all have experience about and about which we have at least a bit of knowledge. Many of us, even without Ph. D. degree in the social sciences, could make suggestions about how to help "problem gambles." All of us might well have theories about why movie stars and rock stars are the subjects of so much attention. Our theories and suggestions come from our experiences and from a cherished source of wisdom-common sense.

In our daily lives, we rely on common sense to get us through many unfamiliar situations. However, this knowledge, which sometimes accurate, is not always reliable, because it rests on commonly held beliefs rather than systematic analysis of facts. It was once considered "common sense" to accept that the earth was flat-a view rightly questioned by Pythagoras and Aristotle. Incorrect commonsense notions are not just a part of the distant past; they remain with us today.

In American society, by common sense we know that, given the high level of divorces, most first marriages fail to reach their twentieth anniversaries. By common sense we realize that when a minority group moves into a previously all-White neighborhood, property values decline.

However, like the view that the earth is flat, these particular commonsense notions are untrue; each has failed to be supported by sociological research. Three out of four first marriages in the United States celebrate their twentieth anniversaries, and one out of five reaches the fiftieth! Race had been found to have little relationship to property values; such factors, as over-crowding and age of housing are more significant.

1.What do sociology and other social sciences study?
2.Where does our knowledge about human behavior come from?

3.Why are the suggestions from ordinary people not always reliable?

4.An example of incorrect commonsense notions in the past is the view that

5.What will affect property values in the United States according to sociological research?

1.The economic crises in that country have threatened the stability of the government.

2.Young people’s social environment has a profound effect on their academic progress.

3.Although it’s a big company, the director knows all the staff by name.

4.The social problems underlying these crises are unsolved.

5.They claim that approximate 1000 factories closed down during the economic depression.

1.尽管做了彻底的收搜索，还是没发现失踪男孩的踪迹。

2．我知道如果我不同意他的话，他会立刻把我等同与他的父亲。

3．去年全国耗煤量继续下降。

4．他的全部工作是关于研究污染对健康的影响。

5．这部电影因为两位主角的精湛演技而令人难忘。